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                <text>The railroad Walter Vail and his partners used to ship cattle to other locations such as Kansas City, St. Louis, Chicago, and California. The prospect of shipping cattle to Eastern buyers caused ranchers to improve their herds and occupy the remaining open range.</text>
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                <text>Harry Heffner Empire Ranch Photograph Collection (MS 506) [Vault]</text>
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                <text>Public Domain: This material has been identified as being free of known restrictions under U.S. copyright law, including all related neighboring rights</text>
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                <text>Mr. Vail's Residence at Empire Ranch, ca. 1900</text>
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                <text>Walter Vail's home on the Empire Ranch. When Walter Vail's wife arrived on the ranch in the summer of 1881, Walter improved the house with an eight-room addition including two bedrooms, a living room, a dining area, and a covered porch. The structure had twelve-foot high ceilings, three stone fireplaces for heating, and a fashionable half-hexagon bay window opening off the living room.</text>
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                <text>Edward L. Vail, George Scholefield, and Bird at the mouth of Rosemont Canyon, ca. 1896-1898</text>
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                <text>On horseback at the mouth of Rosemont Canyon (c.a. 1896 - 1898) are Edward L. Vail, older brother of Walter L. Vail and partner in Empire Ranch, George Scholefield, neighbor and former Live Stock Inspector and Detective for the district of Pantano before Walter Vail's appointment in 1898, and Bird, a local ranch hand.</text>
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                <text>Circa 1897</text>
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                <text>Edward L. Vail 1890 Diary Cover</text>
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                <text>Cover of the 1890 diary in which Edward L. Vail wrote entries during the cattle drive from the Empire Ranch in Arizona to the Warner Ranch in Southern California.</text>
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                <text>Diary of Edward L. Vail (AZ 271)</text>
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                <text>Copyright © is held by the artist. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, Special Collections. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the artist.</text>
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